THE ENLIGHTENMENT (Mid 1600s to Late 1700s)

THE PLEA FOR TOLERANCE AND A JUST ORDER (Mid 1600s) Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Leviathan (1651) James Harrington John Milton (1608-1674)  Paradise Lost  Paradise Regained THE RISE OF MODERN SCIENCE (1500s to 1600s) Andrea Vesalius (1514-1564) Concerning the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) William Gilbert (1540-1603)  Concerning the Magnet (1600) Francis Bacon (1561-1626)  The Essays  The New Atlantis  The Advancement of Learning 1605)  Novum Organum (1620) William Harvey (1578-1657) On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (1628) THE DETHRONEMENT OF THE EARTH (Early 1600s) Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres (1543) Dedication Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Astronomiae instauratae mechanica (1598 ? 1602) Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) The Messenger of the Stars (1610) The Assayer (1623) Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632) Concerning Two New Sciences (1638) Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)  Mysterium Cosmographica (1597)  Astronomia Nova (1609)  The Harmonies of the World (1609?)  Epitome of Copernican Astronomy THE MECHANIZATION/ATOMIZATION OF LIFE (1600s) THE RATIONALISTS René Descartes (1596-1650) Discourse on Method (1637) Meditations on the First Philosophy (1642) Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) On the Improvement of the Understanding Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) The Monadology Discourse on Metaphysics Essay on Dynamics Philosophical Essays Principles of Nature and Grace THE EMPIRICISTS Robert Boyle (1627-1691) Christian Huygens (1629-1695) Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)  Isaac Newton (1642-1727) John Locke (1632-1704) Two Treatises of Government (1681) Concerning Toleration (1689, 1690, 1692) An Essay on Human Understanding (1690) "NATURAL RELIGION" OR DEISM (Late 1600s to Mid 1700s) Lord Edward Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648) John Ray John Toland Matthew Tindal Thomas Woolston Archbishop Tillotson ON-GOING CHRISTIAN PIETISM (Late 1600s to Early 1700s) George Fox Philip Jacob Spener Fran?ois F?nelon Cotton Mather Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf THE GREAT AWAKENING Gilbert Tennent Jonathan Edwards John Wesley A Call to Backsliders A Call to Perfection Free Grace On Divine Providence On Predestination On the Death of Mr. Whitefield On the Holy Spirit On the Trinity Charles Wesley George Whitfield         Britain's Mercies, and Britain's Duty         Christians, Temples of the living God         Marks of a true Conversion         Marks of having received the Holy Ghost         The Almost Christian         Walking with God         The Good Shepherd [A Farewell Sermon] Charles Chauncey LATER DEISM AND EARLY BIBLICAL CRITICISM (Mid to Late 1700s) Johann Jakob Wettstein Johann Albrecht Bengal Jean Astruc Robert Lowth Hermann Samuel Reimarus Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Johann Gottfried von Herder Joseph Priestley William Paley Johann Friedrich Eichhorn THE ADVANCE OF REASON AND SCIENCE (Mid to Late 1700s) Adam Smith Wealth of Nations Pierre Simon de Laplace Jeremy Bentham THE FRENCH PHILOSOPHES Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) Persian Letters (Lettres persanes, 1721) The Spirit of the Laws (De l'esprit des lois, 1748) Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) Jean-Jacques Rousseau Social Contract/ Contrat sociale [English / French] The Origin of Inequality Denis Diderot Helvitius (Claude Adrien) Baron d'Holbach Condorcet Outlines of an historical view of the progress of the human mind, 1795) SKEPTICISM/CRITICAL REVIEW OF REASON (Mid to Late 1700s) George Berkeley William Law David Hume A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40) An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748) Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1750-76) Political Discourses (1752). The History of England (1754–62) Immanuel Kant Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft) (1781-88) Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals     (Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten) 1785 ANTI-CHRISTIAN HUMANISM (Mid to Late 1700s) Edward Gibbon Ethan Allen (1738-1789) Reason: The Only Oracle of Man (1784) THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (Late 1700s) Maximilien Robespierre "On the Principles of Political Morality" (February 1794) DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION Benjamin Franklin Thomas Paine (1737-1809) The Age of Reason Alexander Hamilton   Thomas Jefferson   The Federalist Papers Edmund Burke

 

THE 19th CENTURY

THE 19th CENTURY - PART ONE: SCIENTISTS SCIENCE TAKES ITS FIRST STEPS TOWARD RELATIVITY THEORY Michael Faraday James Clerk Maxwell Albert Michelson and Edward Morley George Fitzgerald/Hendrik Lorentz Henri Poincaré Ernst Mach (1838-1916) Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)

 

THE 19th CENTURY - PART TWO:  PHILOSOPHERS ROMANTICISM NOTE:  the distinction between philosophers and novelists is vague! See also PART FOUR: NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETS below Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803) Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) Faust (1808) [English / German] Vicomte François René de Chateaubriande (1768-1848) William Blake (1757-1827) William Wordsworth (1770-1850) George Byron (1788-1824) Don Juan (1821) Friedrich Schelling (1775-1854) Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) TRANSCENDENTALISM Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) Nature (1836) Addresses and Lectures (1837-1844) Essays: First Series (1841) Essays: Second Series(1844) Poems (1846) Representative Men (1850) [lectures] English Traits (1856) The Conduct of  Life (1860) May Day and Other Pieces (1867) Society and Solitude (1870) Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) Civil Disobedience (1849) Walden: Life in the Woods (1854) Slavery in Massachusetts (1854) A Plea for Captain John Brown(1860) Excursions (1863) The Maine Woods (1864) Cape Cod (1865) IDEALISM Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1700-1831) Heinrich von Treitschke (1834-1896) Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882) Josiah Royce (1855-1916) EVOLUTIONISM Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck Charles Lyell (1797- ) Charles Darwin (1809-1882) The Origin of Species (1859) The Descent of Man (1871) The Voyage of the Beagle Gregor Mendel August Weismann Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895) ELITISM Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) The Birth of Tragedy (1872) Human, All Too Human (1878) The Gay Science (1882 and 1887) Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883-1885) Beyond Good and Evil (1886) On the Genealogy of Morals (1887) The Antichrist (1888) MATERIALISM/MARXISM Ludwig Feuerbach ( -1872) Karl Marx (1818-1883) Communist Manifesto (1848) Capital       Vol. 1 (1867)      Vol. 2      Vol. 3 (1894) Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Principles of Communism The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy On the History of Early Christianity Sidney Webb (1859-1947) EMPIRICISTS AND POSITIVISTS Robert Malthus (1766-1834)     An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) David Ricardo (1772-1823) James Mill (1773-1836) Auguste Comte (1798-1857) John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)  On Liberty (1859)  Representative Government (1861)  Utilitarianism (1863) Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) Democracy in America (2 vols: 1835 / 1840) The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856) C.S. Pierce (1839-1914) William James (1842-1910) Radical Empiricism Principles of Psychology Varieties of Religious Experience SOCIAL STUDIES Edward Burnett Taylor (1832-1917) William Robertson Smith (1846-1894) James George Frazer (1854-1941) Vilfredo Pareto ( Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929) The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) THEOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM Helena Petrova Blavatsky (1831-1891)

 

THE 19th CENTURY - PART THREE: THEOLOGIANS CHRISTIANITY ON THE DEFENSIVE 1. Catholic/Anglican Conservatism Joseph de Maistre (1754-1821) John Henry Newman (1801-1890) Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800-1882) Henry Edward Manning (1808-1892) Pope Pius IX (b. 1792; pope: 1846-1878) Pope Leo XIII 2. Biblical Criticism Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) Ferdinand Christian Bauer (1792-1860) David Friedrich Strauss (1808-1874) Albrecht B. Ritschl (1822-1889) Julius Wellhausen Adolph von Harnack (1851-1930) Charles A. Briggs (1841-1913) Hermann Gunkel (1862-1932) Wilhelm Bousset Wilhelm Wrede Alfred Loisy (1857-1940) 3. Protestant Conservatism Archibald Alexander (1772-1851) Charles Hodge (1797-1878) A. A. Hodge (1823-1886) Benjamin B. Warfield (1851-1921) Johannes Weiss (1863-1914) 4. Evangelicalism William Wilberforce (1759-1833) William Carey (1761-1834) Charles Finney (1792-1875) David Livingstone (1813-1873) William and Catherine Booth Charles Haddon Spurgeon (1834-1892)    All of Grace Dwight L. Moody (1837-1899) Peter Forsyth (1848-1921) Billy Sunday 5. The Social Gospel Washington Gladden (1836-1918) Walter Rauschenbusch (1861-1918) 6. Millenialism and the "New Revelation" Religions William Miller (1782-1849) Joseph Smith (1805-1844) Brigham Young (1801-1877) Mary Baker Eddy (1821-1910) Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916) R.A. Torrey

 

THE 19th CENTURY - PART FOUR: NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETS NOTE:  the distinction between novelists and philosophers is vague! See also PART TWO: PHILOSOPHERS above Jane Austen (1775-1817) Sense and Sensibility (1811) Pride and Prejudice  (1813) Mansfield Park (1814) Emma (1816) Northanger Abbey (1817) Persuasion (1817) Love and Freindship Lady Susan Honoré de Balzac (1779 -1850) Scenes from Private Life (Scènes de la vie privée) (1829) Le Dernier chouan (1829) The Goat-skin (La Peau de chagrin) (1831) The Vicar of Tours (Le curé de Tours) (1832) Eugénie Grandet (1833) Old Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot) (1835) Ursule Mirouet (1842) Ressources de Quinola (a play: 1842) Lost Illusions (Les Illusions perdues) (1843) Paméla Giraud (a play: 1843) Modeste Mignon (1844) The Harlot High and Low      (Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes) (1847) Le Cousin Pons (1847) The Unwitting Actors (Les comédiens sans le savoir) (1847) La Cousine Bette (1848) La Marâtre (a play: 1848) Mercadet ou le Faiseur (a play:1848) Aleksandr Pushkin (1799-1837) The Captive of the Caucasus (poem: 1822) The Fountain of Bah?esaray(poem: 1824) The Stone Guest (short play: 1830) Eugene Onegin (verse novel: 1825-1832) Boris Godunov (play: 1825) The Bronze Horseman (poem: 1833) The Queen of Spades (play: 1833) To A.P. Kern (poem) Victor Hugo (1802-1885) Odes et ballades (collection of poems: 1826) Les orientales (poems: 1829) Last Days of a Condemned Man (Le dernier jour d'un condamné) (1829) The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Notre-Dame de Paris) (1831) Les feuilles d'automne (poems: 1831) Les chants du crépuscule (poems: 1835) Les voix intérieures (poems: 1837) Ruy Blas (play: 1838) Les rayons et les ombres (poems: 1840) Les châtiments (poems: 1853) Les contemplations (poems: 1856) La légende des siècles (poems: 1859) Les misérables (1862) Ninety-Three (Quatrevingt-treize) (1874) Religions et religion (1880) Charles Dickens (1812-1870) Sketches by Boz (1836) Pickwick Papers (1836-1837) Oliver Twist (1837-1839) Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839) Master Humphrey's Clock (1840-1841) Old Curiosity Shop (1841) Barnaby Rudge (1841) American Notes (1842) Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1844) Christmas Carol (1843) The Chimes (1844) Pictures from Italy (1844-1845) The Cricket on the Hearth (1845) The Battle of Life (1846) David Copperfield (1849-1850) A Child's History of England (1851-1853) Bleak House (1852-1853) Hard Times (1854) Little Dorrit (1857) Tale of Two Cities (1859) The Uncommerical Traveller (1860) Great Expectations (1860-1861) Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865) Mystery of Edwin Drood (unfinished, 1870) George Eliot (1819-1880) The Lifted Veil (1859) Adam Bede (1859) Mill on the Floss (1860) Silas Marner (1861) Romola (1863) Middlemarch (1871-1872) The Legend of Jubal (1874) Daniel Deronda (1876) Scenes of Clerical Life (1858) Brother Jacob (1864) Felix Holt, The Radical (1866) Herman Melville (1819-1891) Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846) Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847) Mardi: And a Voyage Thither (1849) Redburn: His First Voyage (1849) White-Jacket: or, The World in a Man-of-War (1850) Moby-Dick (1851) Pierre: or, The Ambiguities (1852) Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile (1855) The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857) Billy Budd, Sailor: An Inside Narrative (1924) "Bartleby the Scrivener" Walt Whitman (1819-1892) Leaves of Grass (1881-1882 edition or collection of poems) Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) Poor Folk (1846) The Double: A Petersburg Poem (1846) Netochka Nezvanova (1849) The Village of Stepanchikovo or The Friend of the Family (1859) The Insulted and Humiliated (1861) The House of the Dead (1860) A Nasty Story (1862) Notes from Underground(1864) Crime and Punishment (1866) The Gambler (1867) The Idiot (1868) The Possessed (1872) The Raw Youth or The Adolescent (1875) The Peasant Marey (short story: 1876) The Dream of a Ridiculous Man (short story:1877) The Brothers Karamazov (1880) The Writer's Diary [journal] Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867) La Fanfarlo (1847) The Flowers of Evil (Les Fleurs du mal) (poems: 1857) Les paradis artificiels (1860) Réflexions sur Quelques-uns de mes Contemporains (1861) Le Peintre de la Vie Moderne (1863) Curiosités Esthétiques, (1868) L'art romantique, (1868) Le Spleen de Paris/Petits Poémes en Prose, (1869) Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) Madame Bovary (1857) Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) Brand (1865) Peer Gynt (1867) Emperor and Galilean (Kejser og Galil?er) (1873) A Doll's House (Et dukkehjem) (1879) Ghosts (Gengangere) (1881) An Enemy of the People (En Folkefiende) (1882) The Wild Duck (Vildanden) (1884) Hedda Gabler (1890) The Master Builder (Bygmester Solness) (1892) Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) Childhood (1852) Boyhood (1854) Youth (1856) Sevastopol Stories (1855–56) The Cossacks (1863) War and Peace (1865-1869) Father Sergius (1873) Anna Karenina (1875-1877) A Confession (1882) What I Believe (1884) Death of Ivan Ilych  (short story: 1886) The Kreutzer Sonata and other stories (1889) The Kingdom of God is Within You (1894) Master and Man and other stories (1895) The Gospel in Brief (1896) Letter to the Liberals (1898) Resurrection (1899) Hadji Murad (written in 1896-1904, published 1912) Mark Twain (1835-1910) Innocents Abroad (1869) Roughing It (1872) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) The Prince and the Pauper (1882) Life on Mississippi (1883) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) Pudd'n'head Wilson (1894) The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) Letters from the Earth (1909 posthumously) Émile Zola (1840-1902) Les Rougon-Macquart [20-book series on 2 families: 1871-1893] Les Trois Villes [Lourdes, Rome, Paris: 1894-1898] "J'Accuse" L'Aurore, 7 February 1898 Les Quatre Evangiles [1899-1902] Henry James (1843-1916) "A Passionate Pilgrim" (1871) Roderick Hudson (1875) The American (1877) "Daisy Miller" (1878) Washington Square (1880) The Portrait of a Lady (1881) The Bostonians (1886) The Princess Casamassima (1886) "The Aspern Papers" (1888) The Tragic Muse (1890) The Spoils of Poynton (1897) What Maisie Knew (1897) "The Turn of the Screw" (1898) The Wings of the Dove (1902) "The Beast in the Jungle" (1903) The Ambassadors (1903) The Golden Bowl (1904) "The Jolly Corner" (1908) Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) "The Steppe" (short story: 1888) "Sleepy-Eye" (1888) "Black Monk" (short story: 1894) "The Grasshopper" (1892) The Seagull (play: 1896) Uncle Vanya (play: 1899-1900) Three Sisters (play: 1901) The Cherry Orchard (play: 1904)

 

THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY

FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART ONE:  SCIENTISTS THE NEW LOOK OF ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS 1. General Physics Arthur S. Edington (1882-1944) Prince Louis de Broglie (1892- ) 2. Astronomy Harlow Shapley Edwin Hubble 3. Atomic Theory Marie and Pierre Curie Thomas Chamberlin J. J. Thompson Ernest Rutherford 4. Relativity Albert Einstein (1879-1955) "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and       Transformation of Light"       ("Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes       betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt") Annalen der Physik       (1905) "On the Motion—Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat—       of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid"       ("Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme       geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten       suspendierten Teilchen") Annalen der Physik (1905) "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"       ("Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper") Annalen der Physik       (1905) "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?"       ("Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt        abhängig?" Annalen der Physik (1905) Planck's Theory of Radiation and the Theory of Specific Heats (1907) On the Relativity Principle and its Consequences (1908) On the Present State of the Radiation Problem (1909) The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity (1916) Cosmological Considerations on the General Theory of Relativity        (1917) On the Quantum Theory of Radiation (1917) Relativity: The Special and General Theory (1920) Quantum Theory of Monatomic Ideal Gases (1925) Can Quantum Mechanical Description of Physical Reality         Be Considered Complete? (1935) Vesto Slipher Georges Lemaître 5. Quantum Mechanics Max Planck (1858-1947) Niels Bohr (1885-1962) Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961) Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976)   The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory 6. Philosophical Evaluations of Modern Science James Jeans (1877-1946) Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) Henry Margenau PSYCHOLOGY Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Max Weber (1864-1920) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-1905) The remainder of his works were edited posthumously by his wife,      Marianne Weber: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie 3 vol. (1920-1921)*      (Collected Works on the Sociology of Religion) Gesammelte politische Schriften (1921)     (Collected Political Writings) Die rationalen und soziologischen Grundlagen der Musik (1921)*      (The Rational and Sociological Foundations of Music) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (1922 and 1925)      (Economy and Society) The above collected writings have been translated and edited into a wide array of different English publications the most important being:      The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism       The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism       Ancient Judaism       Politics as a Vocation       Economy and Society Rudoph Otto (1869-1937) Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942) Claude Levi-Strauss (1908- ) E.E. Evans-Pritchard Gerardus van der Leeuw (1890-1950) EVOLUTION THEORY Henri Bergson (1859-1941) Julian Huxley (1887-1975)

 

FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART TWO: PHILOSOPHERS LOGICAL POSITIVISM Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) I. A. Richards Moritz Schlick Rudolf Carnap Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) George Edward Moore (1873-1958) A. J. Ayer (1910- ) Charles Stevenson PROCESS PHILOSOPHY/THEOLOGY Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) LIBERALISM Woodrow Wilson Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841-1935) John Dewey (1859-1952) Humanist Manifesto (1933) THEOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM Annie Besant C. W. Leadbeater Levi Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) H. G. Wells (1866-1946) Edgar Cayce (1877-1945) P. D. Ouspensky Alice Bailey ELITISM Oswald Spengler (1880-1936) Georges Sorel Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870-1924) Giovanni Gentile Adolph Hitler Alfred Rosenberg EXISTENTIALISM S?ren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) Karl Jaspers (1883-1969) Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) Albert Camus (1913-1960)

 

FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART THREE:  THEOLOGIANS CHRISTIANITY RESPONDS FUNDAMENTALISM John Gresham Machen (1881-1937) Christianity and Liberalism (1923) Cornelius Van Til CHRISTIAN LIBERALISM The Auburn Affirmation (1924) Harry Emerson Fosdick (1878-1969) Eugene Carson Blake EVANGELICALISM Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) G. K. Chesterton (1874-1936) C. S. Lewis (1898-1963) Simone Weil (1909-1943) "NEO-ORTHODOXY" Karl Barth (1886-1968) Emil Brunner (1889-1965) Reinhold Niebuhr (1893-1971) H. Richard Niebuhr (1894-1962) Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945) CHRISTIAN EXISTENTIALISM Rudolph Bultmann (1884-1976) Paul Tillich (1886-1966) ROMAN CATHOLICISM Maurice de Wulf (1867-1947) Pope Pius XII (pope: 1939-1958) Jacques Maritain (1882-1973) Etienne Gilson (1884-1978)

 

FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FOUR:  NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETS (NOTE:  the distinction between novelists and philosophers is not precise!!!) Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) The Nigger of the 'Narcissus' (1897) Heart of Darkness (1899) Lord Jim (1900) Nostromo (1904) The Secret Agent (1907) Under Western Eyes (1911) Chance (1913) The Arrow of Gold (1919) T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) Prufrock and Other Observations (collection of poems: 1917)      "Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" Poems (1919)      "Gerontion" The Sacred Wood (essays: 1920)       "Tradition and the Individual Talent" "Waste Land" (poem: 1922) Sweeney Agonistes (play: 1925) "The Hollow Men" (poem: 1925) "The Journey of the Magi" (poem: 1927) Dante (critical essay: 1929) "Ash Wednesday" (poem: 1930) Thoughts After Lambeth (essay: 1931) Selected Essays, 1917–32 (1932)       "The Metaphysical Poets"       "Andrew Marvell" The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism (Harvard Lectures: 1933) Murder in the Cathedral (play: 1935) The Idea of a Christian Society (essay: 1939) Four Quartets (1943)      Burnt Norton" (1936)      "East Coker" (1940)      "The Dry Salvages" (1941)      "Little Gidding" (1942) Notes Towards the Definition of Culture (essay: 1948) The Cocktail Party (play: 1949) The Confidential Clerk (play: 1953) The Elder Statesman (play: 1958) Ezra Pound ( Eugene O'Neill ( Mourning Becomes Electra Beyond the Horizon F. Scott Fitzgerald ( Great Gatsby This Side of Paradise Ernest Hemmingway ( William Faulkner ( A Rose for Emily George Orwell ( 1984 Animal Farm Sir William Golding (1911-1993) Lord of the Flies (1954) The Inheritors (1955) Pincher Martin (1956) Free Fall (1959) The Spire (1964)

 

FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FIVE: POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CRITICS V.I. Lenin (1870-1924) What Is To Be Done? (1902)          Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965) London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900) The River War (1902)

 

THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY

SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART ONE:  SCIENTISTS QUANTUM THEORY/PARTICLE PHYSICS Richard Feynman Murray Gell-Mann(1929- ) SCIENTIFIC COSMOLOGY Fred Hoyle Hermann Bondi Arno Penzias/Robert Wilson Steven Weinberg Stephen Hawking (1942- ) CHAOS AND SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS Edward N. Lorenz Stephen Smale Robert May Mitchell Feigenbaum Ilya Prigogine David Bohm Erich Jantsch Benoit Mandelbrot THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE Robert Jastrow John Leslie EVOLUTION AND THE LIFE SCIENCES Richard Leakey J. B. S. Haldane Stephen Jay Gould Richard Dawkins Francis Crick (1916- ) Jacques Monod (1910-1976) Edward O. Wilson (1929- ) Rupert Sheldrake (1942- PSYCHOLOGY Eric Erickson Carl Rogers Abraham Maslov Fritz Perls Daniel C. Dennett Roger Penrose Gregory Bateson Stanislav Grof Ken Wilber P. Pietsch ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Joseph Campbell (1904-1987) Mircea Eliade Stephen T. Katz John Pfeiffer Danah Zohar Margaret Wheatley ECOLOGY Harrison Brown Paul Erlich Norman Myer Stephen H. Schneider/Randi Londer

 

SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART TWO:  PHILOSOPHERS 1. Philosophy/Theology of Science Carl Sagan Kurt Gödel W. V. O. Quine Karl R. Popper Thomas Kuhn Michael Polanyi Edward R. Harrison Richard Rorty Paul C. W. Davies John D. Barrow Robert H. March Fritz Rohrlich F. David Peat Ian Barbour John Polkinghorne Arthur Peacocke Wim B. Drees Thomas Torrance Langdon Gilkey Ernan McMullin I. Stewart 2. Western Culture and Its Critics Alexander Solzhenitsyn Paul Johnson Allan Bollm Alasdair MacIntyre Russell Kirk Robert N. Bellah E. F. Schumacher Chuck Colson James Dobson 3. Black Liberation Elijah Mohammed Malcolm X Louis Farrakhan 4. Secular Feminism Carolyn Merchant Evelyn Fox Keller Paula Treichler Francine Wattman Frank Susan Wolfe Marija Gimbutas Ashley Montagu Riane Eisler Carol Gilligan Jean Baker Miller Nancy Chodorow Stephanie de Voogd Barbara Eckman 5. Deconstructionism Jacques Deridda 6. "God-Is-Deal" Theology Thomas J. J. Altizer Paul van Buren

 

SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART THREE: RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM / THE NEW AGE MOVEMENT 1. Major Figures in the New Age Movement Alan Watts Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Carlos Castaneda Marilyn Ferguson David Spangler Donald Keys Mark Satin Benjamin Creme Richard Alpert "Baba Ram Dass" Jean Houston The Hollywood Connection Others 2. The Human Potential Movement Werner Erhard M. C. Richards Jose Silva 3. The Holistic Health Movement Elizabeth Kübler-Ross Jeanne Achterberg Deepak Chopra Larry Dossey 4. The Ecological or "Green" Movement James E. Lovelock Jeremy Rifkin John Randolph Price 5. The New Age and Science Isaac Asimov Fritjof Capra Gary Zukav Lawrence LeShan 6. Channeling [Being a "Medium"] Jane Roberts J. Z. Knight Kevin Ryerson Jon Klimo 7. The Occult Kathryn Paulsen Miriam Starhawk

 

SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FOUR:  THEOLOGIANS 1. Christian Fundamentalism Francis Schaeffer Os Guiness Carl Henry Hal Lindsey Norman L.Geisler 2. Christian Liberalism Martin Marty John Shelby Spong 3. Evangelicalism Gerrit C. Berkouwer Malcolm Muggeridge Austin Farrer Lesslie Newbigin Helmut Thielicke J?rgen Moltmann Wolfhart Pannenberg Carl Braaten John R. W. Stott Lausanne Conference (1974) F. F. Bruce R. C. Sproul Harvey Cox Billy Graham 4. Roman Catholicism Pius XII Jacques Maritain Etienne Gilson John XXIII Hans Küng Vatican II(1962-1965) Paul VI Bernard Lonergan Karl Rahner Edward Schillebeeckx John Paul II Thomas Merton Henri J. M. Nouwen Mother Teresa of Calcutta CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ACTIVISM/LIBERATIONISM Martin Luther King Jr. World Council of Churches     Uppsala Conference (1968)     Bankok Conference on World Mission and Evangelicalism (1973)     Nairobi Conference (1975)     Vancouver Conference (1983) Second Latin American Episcopal Conference Archbishop Oscar Romero Camillo Torres Ernst Bloch Gustavo Gutiérrez José Porfiro Miranda Jon Sobrino Leonardo Boff Juan Luis Segundo Jose Miguez Bonino The Kairos Document (South African) James H. Cone CHRISTIAN FEMINISM Mary Daly Rosemary Radford Reuther Letty M. Russel Virginia Ramey Mollenkott Jacquelyn Grant White Susan Griffin Carol P. Christ Elaine Pagels CHRISTIAN UNIVERSALISM Matthew Fox Thomas Berry John Hick PROSPERITY AND POWER EVANGELISM Norman Vincent Peale Kenneth Hagan Kenneth Copeland Freddie Price Benny Hinn John Wimber Bill Hybels PROCESS THEOLOGY Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Charles Hartshorne W. Norman Pittenger John B. Cobb, Jr. THE JEWISH VOICE Abraham Joshua Heschel Ellie Wiesel

 

SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FIVE:  NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETS FILM DIRECTORS Steven  Spielberg (1947- Jaws (1975) Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) E.T. (1982) The Color Purple (1985) Empire of the Sun (1987) Jurassic Park (1993) Schindler's List (1993) Amistad (1997) Saving Private Ryan (1998) (co-produced with Tom Hanks: Band of Brothers - 2001) Catch Me If You Can (2002) Minority Report (2002) Munich (2005) George Lucas Francis Ford Coppola Martin Scorsese John Milius Brian De Palma François Truffaut Stanley Kubrick Dr. Strangelove A Clockwork Orange

 

NON-WESTERN CLASSICS

CONFUCIANIST - CHINESE Confucius (551-479 BC) - harmony with all being through ethical self-discipline      (jen) of the sage The Analects Mencius (371-289? BC) - stressed inner spiritual harmony with the universe of      the sage Book of Mencius Hsun-tzu (fl. 298-238 BC) - stressed the importance of ritual action of the sage      Chung-Yung ("The doctrine of the Mean") - the sage achieves virtuous harmony      with Heaven and Earth TAOIST Lao-Tzu (550 BC?) - oneness with the Universe by following the way of Nature - a      mystical process minimizing or avoiding confining social structures, such as      those which Confucianism stresses Tao-te Ching Chuang-Tzu (500 BC?) The Chuang-Tzu T'ao Ch'ien (365-427 AD) The Huai-nan-tzu The Lieh-tzu NEO-CONFUCIANIST (Blend of Classic Confucianism with Taoism and Buddhism) Chang Tsai (1020-1077) - the world relates to the sage as his own family Chu Hsi (1130-1200) - ethical self-training gradually achieves jen for the sage Wang Yang-ming(1472-1529) - unity of our minds with the mind of the Tao      dramatically invites jen Lin Chao-en (1517-1598) - successfully blends Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism HINDU - EARLY The Vedas Rig Veda (1000 Hymns or "Songs of Knowledge") The Brahmanas  HINDU - VEDANTA MONIST Vedanta ("End of the Veda") 1.  The Upanishads (500s BC) - oneness with the Ultimate Ground of Being through Yoga Maitri Upanishad Isha Upanishad Mindaha Upanishad Shivatashvatara Upanishad 2.  The Sutras  (300 BC - 300 AD) The Ramayana - Rama (one of 10 incarnations or avatars of Vishnu) personifies righteousness The Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita ("Song of the Lord") - Arjuna's conversation with his      charioteer (Vishnu) Brahma Sutra (ca. 500 AD) - also known as the Vedanta Sutra 3.  The Krishna cycle Bhagavata Purana - bhakti emphasis on union with Krishna - portrayed      as a cow-herd 4.  Comentators or interpreters of Vedanta Shankara (ca. 788-820 AD) Ramanuja (d. 1137) Madhva (1197-1276) HINDU - ATHEIST The Charvakas JAIN Vardhamma Mahavira (599 - 527 BC)  - Knowledge through right conduct; ahimsa:  respect for all life; speaking the truth; honesty; chastity; non-attachment ot worldly things SIKH BUDDHIST Buddha (ca. 563-483 BC) The Pali canon (1st century BC)      The Tripitaka ("triple basket") -  main writings of Theravada Buddhism Vanaya-Pitaka - the basket of order (life of Buddha; rules of monastic order) Sutta-Pitaka - the basket of instructions (teachings of Buddha and early monks) Abhidhamma-Pitaka - the basket of higher teaching      Milindapanho (Questions of King Milinda) - 1st century AD      Visuddhimagga (The Way to Purity) - written in 400s AD by           Buddhaghosa      Abhidhammattha-sangaha (Summary of the meaning of Higher            Teaching) by Anruddha in the 1000s      Prajnaparamita-Sutra - (Guide to Perfect Wisdom) - explaining the           state of being a Buddha ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN Hammurabi (ca. 1810 BC?–1750 BC) The Code of Laws ZOROASTRIAN - PERSIAN Zoroaster Parsis of India (mostly located in Bombay) ISLAM Muhammad of Mecca (570-632) Qur'an (trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali)

Miles H. Hodges - 2011