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THE ENLIGHTENMENT
(Mid 1600s to Late 1700s)
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THE PLEA FOR TOLERANCE AND A JUST ORDER (Mid 1600s) Leviathan (1651)James HarringtonParadise Lost
Paradise Regained
Andrea Vesalius (1514-1564) THE RISE OF MODERN SCIENCE (1500s to 1600s)
Concerning the Fabric of the Human Body (1543)William Gilbert (1540-1603)Concerning the Magnet (1600)Francis Bacon (1561-1626)The EssaysWilliam Harvey (1578-1657)
The New Atlantis
The Advancement of Learning 1605)
Novum Organum (1620)On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (1628)
THE DETHRONEMENT OF THE EARTH (Early 1600s)
Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543)
On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres (1543)Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)
DedicationAstronomiae instauratae mechanica (1598 ? 1602)Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)The Messenger of the Stars (1610)Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
The Assayer (1623)
Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632)
Concerning Two New Sciences (1638)Mysterium Cosmographica (1597)
Astronomia Nova (1609)
The Harmonies of the World (1609?)
Epitome of Copernican Astronomy
THE MECHANIZATION/ATOMIZATION OF LIFE (1600s)
THE RATIONALISTS
Discourse on Method (1637)Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
Meditations on the First Philosophy (1642)On the Improvement of the UnderstandingGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)The Monadology
Discourse on Metaphysics
Essay on Dynamics
Philosophical Essays
Principles of Nature and Grace
THE EMPIRICISTS
Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
Christian Huygens (1629-1695)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Two Treatises of Government (1681)
Concerning Toleration (1689, 1690, 1692)
An Essay on Human Understanding (1690)
"NATURAL RELIGION" OR DEISM (Late 1600s to Mid 1700s)
Lord Edward Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648)
John Ray
John Toland
Matthew Tindal
Thomas Woolston
Archbishop Tillotson
ON-GOING CHRISTIAN PIETISM (Late 1600s to Early 1700s)
George Fox
Philip Jacob Spener
Fran?ois F?nelon
Cotton Mather
Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf
THE GREAT AWAKENING
Gilbert Tennent
Jonathan Edwards
A Call to Backsliders
A Call to Perfection
Free Grace
On Divine Providence
On Predestination
On the Death of Mr. Whitefield
On the Holy Spirit
On the TrinityCharles Wesley
Britain's Mercies, and Britain's Duty
Christians, Temples of the living God
Marks of a true Conversion
Marks of having received the Holy Ghost
The Almost Christian
Walking with God
The Good Shepherd [A Farewell Sermon]
Charles Chauncey
Johann Jakob Wettstein LATER DEISM AND EARLY BIBLICAL CRITICISM (Mid to Late 1700s)
Johann Albrecht Bengal
Jean Astruc
Robert Lowth
Hermann Samuel Reimarus
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Johann Gottfried von Herder
Joseph Priestley
William Paley
Johann Friedrich Eichhorn
Adam Smith THE ADVANCE OF REASON AND SCIENCE (Mid to Late 1700s)
Wealth of NationsPierre Simon de LaplaceJeremy Bentham
THE FRENCH PHILOSOPHES
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
Persian Letters (Lettres persanes, 1721)Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet)
The Spirit of the Laws (De l'esprit des lois, 1748)Social Contract/ Contrat sociale [English / French]Denis Diderot
The Origin of InequalityOutlines of an historical view of the progress of the human mind, 1795)
George Berkeley SKEPTICISM/CRITICAL REVIEW OF REASON (Mid to Late 1700s)
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40)Immanuel Kant
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748)
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1750-76)
Political Discourses (1752).
The History of England (1754–62)Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft) (1781-88)
Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals
(Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten) 1785
Edward Gibbon ANTI-CHRISTIAN HUMANISM (Mid to Late 1700s)
Reason: The Only Oracle of Man (1784)
Maximilien Robespierre THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (Late 1700s)
"On the Principles of Political Morality" (February 1794)
DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION The Age of ReasonAlexander Hamilton
THE 19th CENTURY
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THE 19th CENTURY - PART ONE:
SCIENTISTSSCIENCE TAKES ITS FIRST STEPS TOWARD RELATIVITY THEORY
Michael Faraday
James Clerk Maxwell
Albert Michelson and Edward Morley
George Fitzgerald/Hendrik Lorentz
Henri Poincaré
Ernst Mach (1838-1916)
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
THE 19th CENTURY - PART TWO:
PHILOSOPHERSROMANTICISM
NOTE: the distinction between philosophers and novelists is vague!
See also PART FOUR: NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETS below
Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803)Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
Faust (1808) [English / German]Vicomte François René de Chateaubriande (1768-1848)William Blake (1757-1827)
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
George Byron (1788-1824)
Don Juan (1821)Friedrich Schelling (1775-1854)Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)
Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) TRANSCENDENTALISM
Nature (1836)Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Addresses and Lectures (1837-1844)
Essays: First Series (1841)
Essays: Second Series(1844)
Poems (1846)
Representative Men (1850) [lectures]
English Traits (1856)
The Conduct of Life (1860)
May Day and Other Pieces (1867)
Society and Solitude (1870)Civil Disobedience (1849)
Walden: Life in the Woods (1854)
Slavery in Massachusetts (1854)
A Plea for Captain John Brown(1860)
Excursions (1863)
The Maine Woods (1864)
Cape Cod (1865)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) IDEALISM
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1700-1831)
Heinrich von Treitschke (1834-1896)
Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911)
Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882)
Josiah Royce (1855-1916)
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck EVOLUTIONISM
The Origin of Species (1859)Gregor Mendel
The Descent of Man (1871)
The Voyage of the BeagleAugust Weismann
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) ELITISM
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
Human, All Too Human (1878)
The Gay Science (1882 and 1887)
Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883-1885)
Beyond Good and Evil (1886)
On the Genealogy of Morals (1887)
The Antichrist (1888)
Ludwig Feuerbach ( -1872) MATERIALISM/MARXISM
Communist Manifesto (1848)Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)
Capital
Vol. 1 (1867)
Vol. 2
Vol. 3 (1894)Principles of CommunismSidney Webb (1859-1947)
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy
On the History of Early Christianity
Robert Malthus (1766-1834) EMPIRICISTS AND POSITIVISTS
An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)David Ricardo (1772-1823)On Liberty (1859)Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859)
Representative Government (1861)
Utilitarianism (1863)Democracy in America (2 vols: 1835 / 1840)C.S. Pierce (1839-1914)
The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856)Radical Empiricism
Principles of Psychology
Varieties of Religious Experience
Edward Burnett Taylor (1832-1917) SOCIAL STUDIES
William Robertson Smith (1846-1894)
James George Frazer (1854-1941)
Vilfredo Pareto (
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929)
The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899)
Helena Petrova Blavatsky (1831-1891)THEOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM
THE 19th CENTURY - PART THREE:
THEOLOGIANS
CHRISTIANITY ON THE DEFENSIVE1. Catholic/Anglican Conservatism
Joseph de Maistre (1754-1821)
John Henry Newman (1801-1890)
Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800-1882)
Henry Edward Manning (1808-1892)
Pope Pius IX (b. 1792; pope: 1846-1878)
Pope Leo XIII
2. Biblical Criticism
Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834)
Ferdinand Christian Bauer (1792-1860)
David Friedrich Strauss (1808-1874)
Albrecht B. Ritschl (1822-1889)
Julius Wellhausen
Adolph von Harnack (1851-1930)
Charles A. Briggs (1841-1913)
Hermann Gunkel (1862-1932)
Wilhelm Bousset
Wilhelm Wrede
Alfred Loisy (1857-1940)
3. Protestant Conservatism
Archibald Alexander (1772-1851)
Charles Hodge (1797-1878)
A. A. Hodge (1823-1886)
Benjamin B. Warfield (1851-1921)
Johannes Weiss (1863-1914)
4. Evangelicalism
William Wilberforce (1759-1833)
William Carey (1761-1834)
Charles Finney (1792-1875)
David Livingstone (1813-1873)
William and Catherine Booth
Charles Haddon Spurgeon (1834-1892)
All of GraceDwight L. Moody (1837-1899)Peter Forsyth (1848-1921)
Billy Sunday
5. The Social Gospel
Washington Gladden (1836-1918)
Walter Rauschenbusch (1861-1918)
6. Millenialism and the "New Revelation" Religions
William Miller (1782-1849)
Joseph Smith (1805-1844)
Brigham Young (1801-1877)
Mary Baker Eddy (1821-1910)
Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916)
R.A. Torrey
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THE 19th CENTURY - PART FOUR:
NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETS
NOTE: the distinction between novelists and philosophers is vague!
See also PART TWO: PHILOSOPHERS aboveJane Austen (1775-1817)
Sense and Sensibility (1811)Honoré de Balzac (1779 -1850)
Pride and Prejudice (1813)
Mansfield Park (1814)
Emma (1816)
Northanger Abbey (1817)
Persuasion (1817)
Love and Freindship
Lady SusanScenes from Private Life (Scènes de la vie privée) (1829)Aleksandr Pushkin (1799-1837)
Le Dernier chouan (1829)
The Goat-skin (La Peau de chagrin) (1831)
The Vicar of Tours (Le curé de Tours) (1832)
Eugénie Grandet (1833)
Old Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot) (1835)
Ursule Mirouet (1842)
Ressources de Quinola (a play: 1842)
Lost Illusions (Les Illusions perdues) (1843)
Paméla Giraud (a play: 1843)
Modeste Mignon (1844)
The Harlot High and Low
(Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes) (1847)
Le Cousin Pons (1847)
The Unwitting Actors (Les comédiens sans le savoir) (1847)
La Cousine Bette (1848)
La Marâtre (a play: 1848)
Mercadet ou le Faiseur (a play:1848)The Captive of the Caucasus (poem: 1822)Victor Hugo (1802-1885)
The Fountain of Bah?esaray(poem: 1824)
The Stone Guest (short play: 1830)
Eugene Onegin (verse novel: 1825-1832)
Boris Godunov (play: 1825)
The Bronze Horseman (poem: 1833)
The Queen of Spades (play: 1833)
To A.P. Kern (poem)Odes et ballades (collection of poems: 1826)Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
Les orientales (poems: 1829)
Last Days of a Condemned Man (Le dernier jour d'un condamné) (1829)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Notre-Dame de Paris) (1831)
Les feuilles d'automne (poems: 1831)
Les chants du crépuscule (poems: 1835)
Les voix intérieures (poems: 1837)
Ruy Blas (play: 1838)
Les rayons et les ombres (poems: 1840)
Les châtiments (poems: 1853)
Les contemplations (poems: 1856)
La légende des siècles (poems: 1859)
Les misérables (1862)
Ninety-Three (Quatrevingt-treize) (1874)
Religions et religion (1880)Sketches by Boz (1836)George Eliot (1819-1880)
Pickwick Papers (1836-1837)
Oliver Twist (1837-1839)
Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839)
Master Humphrey's Clock (1840-1841)
Old Curiosity Shop (1841)
Barnaby Rudge (1841)
American Notes (1842)
Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1844)
Christmas Carol (1843)
The Chimes (1844)
Pictures from Italy (1844-1845)
The Cricket on the Hearth (1845)
The Battle of Life (1846)
David Copperfield (1849-1850)
A Child's History of England (1851-1853)
Bleak House (1852-1853)
Hard Times (1854)
Little Dorrit (1857)
Tale of Two Cities (1859)
The Uncommerical Traveller (1860)
Great Expectations (1860-1861)
Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865)
Mystery of Edwin Drood (unfinished, 1870)The Lifted Veil (1859)Herman Melville (1819-1891)
Adam Bede (1859)
Mill on the Floss (1860)
Silas Marner (1861)
Romola (1863)
Middlemarch (1871-1872)
The Legend of Jubal (1874)
Daniel Deronda (1876)
Scenes of Clerical Life (1858)
Brother Jacob (1864)
Felix Holt, The Radical (1866)Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846)Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847)
Mardi: And a Voyage Thither (1849)
Redburn: His First Voyage (1849)
White-Jacket: or, The World in a Man-of-War (1850)
Moby-Dick (1851)
Pierre: or, The Ambiguities (1852)
Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile (1855)
The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857)
Billy Budd, Sailor: An Inside Narrative (1924)
"Bartleby the Scrivener"Leaves of Grass (1881-1882 edition or collection of poems)Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881)Poor Folk (1846)Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867)
The Double: A Petersburg Poem (1846)
Netochka Nezvanova (1849)
The Village of Stepanchikovo or The Friend of the Family (1859)
The Insulted and Humiliated (1861)
The House of the Dead (1860)
A Nasty Story (1862)
Notes from Underground(1864)
Crime and Punishment (1866)
The Gambler (1867)
The Idiot (1868)
The Possessed (1872)
The Raw Youth or The Adolescent (1875)
The Peasant Marey (short story: 1876)
The Dream of a Ridiculous Man (short story:1877)
The Brothers Karamazov (1880)
The Writer's Diary [journal]La Fanfarlo (1847)Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)
The Flowers of Evil (Les Fleurs du mal) (poems: 1857)
Les paradis artificiels (1860)
Réflexions sur Quelques-uns de mes Contemporains (1861)
Le Peintre de la Vie Moderne (1863)
Curiosités Esthétiques, (1868)
L'art romantique, (1868)
Le Spleen de Paris/Petits Poémes en Prose, (1869)Madame Bovary (1857)
Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)Brand (1865)Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
Peer Gynt (1867)
Emperor and Galilean (Kejser og Galil?er) (1873)
A Doll's House (Et dukkehjem) (1879)
Ghosts (Gengangere) (1881)
An Enemy of the People (En Folkefiende) (1882)
The Wild Duck (Vildanden) (1884)
Hedda Gabler (1890)
The Master Builder (Bygmester Solness) (1892)Childhood (1852)Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Boyhood (1854)
Youth (1856)
Sevastopol Stories (1855–56)
The Cossacks (1863)
War and Peace (1865-1869)
Father Sergius (1873)
Anna Karenina (1875-1877)
A Confession (1882)
What I Believe (1884)
Death of Ivan Ilych (short story: 1886)
The Kreutzer Sonata and other stories (1889)
The Kingdom of God is Within You (1894)
Master and Man and other stories (1895)
The Gospel in Brief (1896)
Letter to the Liberals (1898)
Resurrection (1899)
Hadji Murad (written in 1896-1904, published 1912)Innocents Abroad (1869)Émile Zola (1840-1902)
Roughing It (1872)
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)
The Prince and the Pauper (1882)
Life on Mississippi (1883)
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889)
Pudd'n'head Wilson (1894)
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900)
Letters from the Earth (1909 posthumously)Les Rougon-Macquart [20-book series on 2 families: 1871-1893]Henry James (1843-1916)
Les Trois Villes [Lourdes, Rome, Paris: 1894-1898]
"J'Accuse" L'Aurore, 7 February 1898
Les Quatre Evangiles [1899-1902]"A Passionate Pilgrim" (1871)Anton Chekhov (1860-1904)
Roderick Hudson (1875)
The American (1877)
"Daisy Miller" (1878)
Washington Square (1880)
The Portrait of a Lady (1881)
The Bostonians (1886)
The Princess Casamassima (1886)
"The Aspern Papers" (1888)
The Tragic Muse (1890)
The Spoils of Poynton (1897)
What Maisie Knew (1897)
"The Turn of the Screw" (1898)
The Wings of the Dove (1902)
"The Beast in the Jungle" (1903)
The Ambassadors (1903)
The Golden Bowl (1904)
"The Jolly Corner" (1908)"The Steppe" (short story: 1888)
"Sleepy-Eye" (1888)
"Black Monk" (short story: 1894)
"The Grasshopper" (1892)
The Seagull (play: 1896)
Uncle Vanya (play: 1899-1900)
Three Sisters (play: 1901)
The Cherry Orchard (play: 1904)
THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY
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FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART ONE: SCIENTISTS THE NEW LOOK OF ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS
1. General Physics
Arthur S. Edington (1882-1944)
Prince Louis de Broglie (1892- )
2. Astronomy
Harlow Shapley
Edwin Hubble
3. Atomic Theory
Marie and Pierre Curie
Thomas Chamberlin
J. J. Thompson
Ernest Rutherford
4. Relativity
"On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production andVesto Slipher
Transformation of Light"
("Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes
betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt") Annalen der Physik
(1905)
"On the Motion—Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat—
of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid"
("Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme
geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten
suspendierten Teilchen") Annalen der Physik (1905)
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"
("Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper") Annalen der Physik
(1905)
"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?"
("Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt
abhängig?" Annalen der Physik (1905)
Planck's Theory of Radiation and the Theory of Specific Heats (1907)
On the Relativity Principle and its Consequences (1908)
On the Present State of the Radiation Problem (1909)
The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity (1916)
Cosmological Considerations on the General Theory of Relativity
(1917)
On the Quantum Theory of Radiation (1917)
Relativity: The Special and General Theory (1920)
Quantum Theory of Monatomic Ideal Gases (1925)
Can Quantum Mechanical Description of Physical Reality
Be Considered Complete? (1935)Georges Lemaître
5. Quantum Mechanics
Max Planck (1858-1947)
Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory6. Philosophical Evaluations of Modern Science James Jeans (1877-1946)
Aldous Huxley (1894-1963)
Henry Margenau
PSYCHOLOGY Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Max Weber (1864-1920)
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-1905)Rudoph Otto (1869-1937)
The remainder of his works were edited posthumously by his wife,
Marianne Weber:
Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie 3 vol. (1920-1921)*
(Collected Works on the Sociology of Religion)
Gesammelte politische Schriften (1921)
(Collected Political Writings)
Die rationalen und soziologischen Grundlagen der Musik (1921)*
(The Rational and Sociological Foundations of Music)
Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (1922 and 1925)
(Economy and Society)
The above collected writings have been translated and edited into a wide array of different English publications the most important being:
The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism
The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism
Ancient Judaism
Politics as a Vocation
Economy and SocietyBronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942)
Claude Levi-Strauss (1908- )
E.E. Evans-Pritchard
Gerardus van der Leeuw (1890-1950)
EVOLUTION THEORY Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
Julian Huxley (1887-1975)
FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART TWO:
PHILOSOPHERS LOGICAL POSITIVISM
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
I. A. Richards
Moritz Schlick
Rudolf Carnap
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
George Edward Moore (1873-1958)
A. J. Ayer (1910- )
Charles Stevenson
Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) PROCESS PHILOSOPHY/THEOLOGY
LIBERALISM Woodrow Wilson
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841-1935)
John Dewey (1859-1952)
Humanist Manifesto (1933)
Annie Besant THEOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM
C. W. Leadbeater
Levi
Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)
H. G. Wells (1866-1946)
Edgar Cayce (1877-1945)
P. D. Ouspensky
Alice Bailey
Oswald Spengler (1880-1936) ELITISM
Georges Sorel
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870-1924)
Giovanni Gentile
Adolph Hitler
Alfred Rosenberg
EXISTENTIALISM S?ren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
Albert Camus (1913-1960)
FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART THREE:
THEOLOGIANSCHRISTIANITY RESPONDS
FUNDAMENTALISM John Gresham Machen (1881-1937)
Christianity and Liberalism (1923)Cornelius Van TilCHRISTIAN LIBERALISM
The Auburn Affirmation (1924)
Harry Emerson Fosdick (1878-1969)
Eugene Carson Blake
EVANGELICALISM
Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965)
G. K. Chesterton (1874-1936)
C. S. Lewis (1898-1963)
Simone Weil (1909-1943)
"NEO-ORTHODOXY"
Karl Barth (1886-1968)
Emil Brunner (1889-1965)
Reinhold Niebuhr (1893-1971)
H. Richard Niebuhr (1894-1962)
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945)
CHRISTIAN EXISTENTIALISM
Rudolph Bultmann (1884-1976)
Paul Tillich (1886-1966)
ROMAN CATHOLICISM
Maurice de Wulf (1867-1947)
Pope Pius XII (pope: 1939-1958)
Jacques Maritain (1882-1973)
Etienne Gilson (1884-1978)
FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FOUR:
NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETS(NOTE: the distinction between novelists and philosophers is not precise!!!)
Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)
The Nigger of the 'Narcissus' (1897)T.S. Eliot (1888-1965)
Heart of Darkness (1899)
Lord Jim (1900)
Nostromo (1904)
The Secret Agent (1907)
Under Western Eyes (1911)
Chance (1913)
The Arrow of Gold (1919)Prufrock and Other Observations (collection of poems: 1917)Ezra Pound (
"Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
Poems (1919)
"Gerontion"
The Sacred Wood (essays: 1920)
"Tradition and the Individual Talent"
"Waste Land" (poem: 1922)
Sweeney Agonistes (play: 1925)
"The Hollow Men" (poem: 1925)
"The Journey of the Magi" (poem: 1927)
Dante (critical essay: 1929)
"Ash Wednesday" (poem: 1930)
Thoughts After Lambeth (essay: 1931)
Selected Essays, 1917–32 (1932)
"The Metaphysical Poets"
"Andrew Marvell"
The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism (Harvard Lectures: 1933)
Murder in the Cathedral (play: 1935)
The Idea of a Christian Society (essay: 1939)
Four Quartets (1943)
Burnt Norton" (1936)
"East Coker" (1940)
"The Dry Salvages" (1941)
"Little Gidding" (1942)
Notes Towards the Definition of Culture (essay: 1948)
The Cocktail Party (play: 1949)
The Confidential Clerk (play: 1953)
The Elder Statesman (play: 1958)Eugene O'Neill (
Mourning Becomes ElectraF. Scott Fitzgerald (
Beyond the HorizonGreat GatsbyErnest Hemmingway (
This Side of ParadiseWilliam Faulkner (
A Rose for EmilyGeorge Orwell (1984Sir William Golding (1911-1993)
Animal FarmLord of the Flies (1954)
The Inheritors (1955)
Pincher Martin (1956)
Free Fall (1959)
The Spire (1964)
FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FIVE:
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CRITICSWhat Is To Be Done? (1902)
Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900)
The River War (1902)
THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY
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SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART ONE:
SCIENTISTSRichard Feynman QUANTUM THEORY/PARTICLE PHYSICS
Murray Gell-Mann(1929- )
SCIENTIFIC COSMOLOGY
Fred Hoyle
Hermann Bondi
Arno Penzias/Robert Wilson
Steven Weinberg
Stephen Hawking (1942- )
CHAOS AND SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS
Edward N. Lorenz
Stephen Smale
Robert May
Mitchell Feigenbaum
Ilya Prigogine
David Bohm
Erich Jantsch
Benoit Mandelbrot
THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE
Robert Jastrow
John Leslie
Richard Leakey EVOLUTION AND THE LIFE SCIENCES
J. B. S. Haldane
Stephen Jay Gould
Richard Dawkins
Francis Crick (1916- )
Jacques Monod (1910-1976)
Edward O. Wilson (1929- )
Rupert Sheldrake (1942-
Eric Erickson PSYCHOLOGY
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslov
Fritz Perls
Daniel C. Dennett
Roger Penrose
Gregory Bateson
Stanislav Grof
Ken Wilber
P. Pietsch
Joseph Campbell (1904-1987) ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Mircea Eliade
Stephen T. Katz
John Pfeiffer
Danah Zohar
Margaret Wheatley
Harrison Brown ECOLOGY
Paul Erlich
Norman Myer
Stephen H. Schneider/Randi Londer
SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART TWO:
PHILOSOPHERSCarl Sagan 1. Philosophy/Theology of Science
Kurt Gödel
W. V. O. Quine
Karl R. Popper
Thomas Kuhn
Michael Polanyi
Edward R. Harrison
Richard Rorty
Paul C. W. Davies
John D. Barrow
Robert H. March
Fritz Rohrlich
F. David Peat
Ian Barbour
John Polkinghorne
Arthur Peacocke
Wim B. Drees
Thomas Torrance
Langdon Gilkey
Ernan McMullin
I. Stewart
Alexander Solzhenitsyn 2. Western Culture and Its Critics
Paul Johnson
Allan Bollm
Alasdair MacIntyre
Russell Kirk
Robert N. Bellah
E. F. Schumacher
Chuck Colson
James Dobson
Elijah Mohammed 3. Black Liberation
Malcolm X
Louis Farrakhan
4. Secular Feminism
Carolyn Merchant
Evelyn Fox Keller
Paula Treichler
Francine Wattman Frank
Susan Wolfe
Marija Gimbutas
Ashley Montagu
Riane Eisler
Carol Gilligan
Jean Baker Miller
Nancy Chodorow
Stephanie de Voogd
Barbara Eckman
5. Deconstructionism
Jacques Deridda
6. "God-Is-Deal" Theology
Thomas J. J. Altizer
Paul van Buren
SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART THREE:
RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM / THE NEW AGE MOVEMENTAlan Watts 1. Major Figures in the New Age Movement
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
Carlos Castaneda
Marilyn Ferguson
David Spangler
Donald Keys
Mark Satin
Benjamin Creme
Richard Alpert "Baba Ram Dass"
Jean Houston
The Hollywood Connection
Others
2. The Human Potential Movement
Werner Erhard
M. C. Richards
Jose Silva
3. The Holistic Health Movement
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross
Jeanne Achterberg
Deepak Chopra
Larry Dossey
4. The Ecological or "Green" Movement
James E. Lovelock
Jeremy Rifkin
John Randolph Price
5. The New Age and Science
Isaac Asimov
Fritjof Capra
Gary Zukav
Lawrence LeShan
6. Channeling [Being a "Medium"]
Jane Roberts
J. Z. Knight
Kevin Ryerson
Jon Klimo
7. The Occult
Kathryn Paulsen
Miriam Starhawk
SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FOUR:
THEOLOGIANS1. Christian Fundamentalism
Francis Schaeffer
Os Guiness
Carl Henry
Hal Lindsey
Norman L.Geisler
2. Christian Liberalism
Martin Marty
John Shelby Spong
3. Evangelicalism
Gerrit C. Berkouwer
Malcolm Muggeridge
Austin Farrer
Lesslie Newbigin
Helmut Thielicke
J?rgen Moltmann
Wolfhart Pannenberg
Carl Braaten
John R. W. Stott
Lausanne Conference (1974)
F. F. Bruce
R. C. Sproul
Harvey Cox
Billy Graham
4. Roman Catholicism
Pius XII
Jacques Maritain
Etienne Gilson
John XXIII
Hans Küng
Vatican II(1962-1965)
Paul VI
Bernard Lonergan
Karl Rahner
Edward Schillebeeckx
John Paul II
Thomas Merton
Henri J. M. Nouwen
Mother Teresa of Calcutta
CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ACTIVISM/LIBERATIONISM
Martin Luther King Jr.
World Council of Churches
Uppsala Conference (1968)
Bankok Conference on World Mission and Evangelicalism (1973)
Nairobi Conference (1975)
Vancouver Conference (1983)Second Latin American Episcopal Conference
Archbishop Oscar Romero
Camillo Torres
Ernst Bloch
Gustavo Gutiérrez
José Porfiro Miranda
Jon Sobrino
Leonardo Boff
Juan Luis Segundo
Jose Miguez Bonino
The Kairos Document (South African)
James H. Cone
CHRISTIAN FEMINISM
Mary Daly
Rosemary Radford Reuther
Letty M. Russel
Virginia Ramey Mollenkott
Jacquelyn Grant White
Susan Griffin
Carol P. Christ
Elaine Pagels
CHRISTIAN UNIVERSALISM
Matthew Fox
Thomas Berry
John Hick
PROSPERITY AND POWER EVANGELISM
Norman Vincent Peale
Kenneth Hagan
Kenneth Copeland
Freddie Price
Benny Hinn
John Wimber
Bill Hybels
PROCESS THEOLOGY
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Charles Hartshorne
W. Norman Pittenger
John B. Cobb, Jr.
THE JEWISH VOICE
Abraham Joshua Heschel
Ellie Wiesel
SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY - PART FIVE:
NOVELISTS, PLAYWRIGHTS, POETSFILM DIRECTORS
Steven Spielberg (1947-
Jaws (1975)George Lucas
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
E.T. (1982)
The Color Purple (1985)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Schindler's List (1993)
Amistad (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
(co-produced with Tom Hanks: Band of Brothers - 2001)
Catch Me If You Can (2002)
Minority Report (2002)
Munich (2005)Francis Ford Coppola
Martin Scorsese
John Milius
Brian De Palma
François Truffaut
Stanley Kubrick
Dr. Strangelove
A Clockwork Orange
NON-WESTERN CLASSICS
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CONFUCIANIST - CHINESE Confucius (551-479 BC) - harmony with all being through ethical self-discipline
(jen) of the sageThe AnalectsMencius (371-289? BC) - stressed inner spiritual harmony with the universe of
the sageBook of MenciusHsun-tzu (fl. 298-238 BC) - stressed the importance of ritual action of the sage
Chung-Yung ("The doctrine of the Mean") - the sage achieves virtuous harmony
with Heaven and Earth
TAOIST
Lao-Tzu (550 BC?) - oneness with the Universe by following the way of Nature - a
mystical process minimizing or avoiding confining social structures, such as
those which Confucianism stressesTao-te Ching
Chuang-Tzu (500 BC?)The Chuang-Tzu
T'ao Ch'ien (365-427 AD)The Huai-nan-tzu
The Lieh-tzu
Chang Tsai (1020-1077) - the world relates to the sage as his own family NEO-CONFUCIANIST
(Blend of Classic Confucianism with Taoism and Buddhism)Chu Hsi (1130-1200) - ethical self-training gradually achieves jen for the sage
Wang Yang-ming(1472-1529) - unity of our minds with the mind of the Tao
dramatically invites jenLin Chao-en (1517-1598) - successfully blends Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism
HINDU - EARLY
The VedasRig Veda (1000 Hymns or "Songs of Knowledge")
The Brahmanas
1. The Upanishads (500s BC) - oneness with the Ultimate Ground of Being through Yoga HINDU - VEDANTA MONIST
Vedanta ("End of the Veda")Maitri Upanishad
Isha Upanishad
Mindaha Upanishad
Shivatashvatara Upanishad
2. The Sutras (300 BC - 300 AD)The Ramayana - Rama (one of 10 incarnations or avatars of Vishnu) personifies righteousness3. The Krishna cycle
The Mahabharata
Bhagavad Gita ("Song of the Lord") - Arjuna's conversation with his
charioteer (Vishnu)
Brahma Sutra (ca. 500 AD) - also known as the Vedanta SutraBhagavata Purana - bhakti emphasis on union with Krishna - portrayed4. Comentators or interpreters of Vedanta
as a cow-herdShankara (ca. 788-820 AD)
Ramanuja (d. 1137)
Madhva (1197-1276)
The Charvakas HINDU - ATHEIST
Vardhamma Mahavira (599 - 527 BC) - Knowledge through right conduct; ahimsa: respect for all life; speaking the truth; honesty; chastity; non-attachment ot worldly things JAIN
SIKH
Buddha (ca. 563-483 BC) BUDDHIST
The Pali canon (1st century BC)The Tripitaka ("triple basket") - main writings of Theravada Buddhism
Vanaya-Pitaka - the basket of order (life of Buddha; rules of monastic order)Milindapanho (Questions of King Milinda) - 1st century AD
Sutta-Pitaka - the basket of instructions (teachings of Buddha and early monks)
Abhidhamma-Pitaka - the basket of higher teaching
Visuddhimagga (The Way to Purity) - written in 400s AD by
Buddhaghosa
Abhidhammattha-sangaha (Summary of the meaning of Higher
Teaching) by Anruddha in the 1000s
Prajnaparamita-Sutra - (Guide to Perfect Wisdom) - explaining the
state of being a Buddha
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN
Hammurabi (ca. 1810 BC?–1750 BC)
The Code of LawsZoroaster ZOROASTRIAN - PERSIAN
Parsis of India (mostly located in Bombay)
Muhammad of Mecca (570-632) ISLAM
Qur'an (trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali)
Miles H. Hodges - 2011